Biography of the first muslim caliph abu bakr siddiq. As the spiritual heirs and the instruments of the policy of abu bakr and umar, the umayyads served a period of apprenticeship at the end of which they were ready to claim. This paper seeks to debunk is assertions about the caliphate and the legitimacy of albaghdadi as the. From alqaida affiliate to the rise of the islamic caliphate. The islamic state, in turn, takes a somewhat more pragmatic line, arguing that events today, like those of. English march april 2016 ford army university press. Abu bakr was a senior companion sahabah and the fatherinlaw of the islamic prophet muhammad. We pay allegiance to you, who are more beloved to the messenger of allah than all of us. Judged by the usual standards this period was too short to make an impact on history. Seyed ibrahim, caliph abu bakr siddeeqs ra inaugural speech. Sunni muslims believe him to be the rightful heir of muhammad, while shiite muslims dispute the legitimacy of his leadership and believe that ali, his soninlaw, should have been chosen. Abu bakr assiddiq 571634 is the first male, free person to believe after hz.
Hence, no ayah explicitly treats caliph as a title to be used for successor of muhammad a. Sayyiduna abu bakr may allah be pleased with him real name was abdullah, and he was given the title of as siddique or testifier to the truth. Abu bakr 7 and umar 8 among rashidun, as well as umayyad caliph umar ibn abd alaziz, rejected to have the title khalifullah. A few days later after the prophets death, mohammads house where his daughter fatima and ali resided, was threatened with flames some say was bur. For abu bakr albaghdadi, however, it is the regime in saudi arabia that. The caliph maybe chosen by the people as per their desire, but obedience to a caliph is not necessary by any means. Abu bakr albaghdadi, leader of the islamic state, july 21, 20126. After abu bakr, this mushaf was transferred to caliph umar and stayed with him during his lifetime. After assuming the office of caliph, abu bakrs first address was as follows. Allah helped him before, when the disbelievers forced him to go away from his home, and he was one of the two. Abu bakr may allah be pleased with him did his best in missionary, he immediately began to preach islam to others.
When abu bakr embraced islam, the prophet prayers and peace be upon him was overjoyed, as abu bakr was a source of triumph for islam, due to his intimacy with quraish and his noble character that allah has exalted him. Introduction did the caliphate cease to exist in 1924, or was it dissolved after the mongolian invasion of bagdad in 1258. Abdullah died having six dirhams, which abu bakr thought was too much. The period of his caliphate covers two years, two months and fifteen days only. Not only did albaghdadi assume the first caliphs kunya, he also copied his inauguration speech on the occasion of his own investiture. Abu bakr prayed for him at his death and buried him.
Makkah was also the birthplace of the holy prophetsa, and both he and hadrat abu bakrra belonged to the quraish tribe. Abu bakr, companion and adviser of the prophet muhammad, who assumed muhammads political and administrative functions after his death. Sunnis regard him as his rightful successor caliph, the first of four righteous caliphs rashidun. The islamic caliphate declared by abubakr albaghdadi a year ago is a most profound and defiant a challenge of orthodox jihadism to the muslim world, and. Alqaeda, islamic state, abu bakr, caliphate, ideology. Abu bakr is remembered as the first of the four socalled rightly guided caliphs, during whose reigns many of the institutions of. Background the prophetpbuh had just died and was not even. He had six children, three sons and three daughters. They allowed the caliph a salary of six thousand dirhams a year. Judged by the usual standards this was certainty too short a period to make an impact on history. Will you give detailed information about the life and. Umar, all of the people there paid allegiance to hz. Another faction preferred muhammads soninlaw ali as caliph, but ali eventually submitted, and abu bakr took over governance of all muslim arabs.
She did not accept islam, and abu bakr divorced her. The first caliph, abu bakr assiddiq, was a friend and companion of the prophet muhammad. Abu bakr abdullah ibn uthman was a companion and, through his daughter aisha. After muhammads death, abu bakr was accepted as the first deputy of the prophet of god, or caliph. Baghdad was the capital of the grandest caliphate in early islam, the. Islamic history of khalifa abu bakr abu bakr in history. He is the great companion who is known with the nicknames jamiul quran compiler of the quran, assiddiq the honestveracious, alatiq the.
Before his death abu bakr nominated hazrat umar at his successor. Abu bakr assaddiq life and his love with prophet pbuh prepared by dr. Abu bakr was a loving father, but when his son abdullah in his love for his wife atika neglected his prayers and did not participate in some expeditions, abu bakr took him to task and asked him to divorce his wife. On muhammads death in 632, the muslims of medina accepted abu bakr as the first deputy or successor of the prophet of god, or caliph. Although we do not know exactly when uh bakradrat abra was.
Abu bakr, should be the caliph, or successor to the prophet. Uu radhi allahu anhu a may allah be pleased with him was the ideal muslim, surpassing all other companions in every sphere of life. His father, uthman, was known as abu quhafah and his mother, salma, was known as ummul khair. Abu bakr was muhammads fatherinlaw and, after the prophets death, the first caliph. In that speech the first caliph, abu bakr, urged the community to assist him and to correct him if he deviated from the right path. Islamic history of khalifa abu bakr abu bakr, the man. Abu bakr became the first openly declared muslim outside muhammads family. Abu bakr simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. What students need to know by john calvert april 2010 vol. Ibrahim awwad albadri, alias abu bakr albaghdadi, to the fighters and followers of the selfdeclared islamic state, peace and the mercy of god be upon you. Hearing about this, umar was seriously incited against khalid and asked abu bakr to oust him but the caliph called him the sword of god and refused to do so. Abu bakr albaghdadi not only monopolized the islamist and jihadist landscape. He ruled over the rashidun caliphate from 632634 ce when he became the first muslim caliph following muhammads death.
Thus abu bakr, the first caliph, left behind a noble example of selfless service. Ali supported islam under the first caliph, but never supported the government of the first caliph. All this money was paid back to the baitulmal the public treasury after the caliphs death. But in context, the difference is made as such, that caliph is a political leader or the head of the state. Abu bakr albaghdadi, islamic states mysterious caliph. Binali, jabr alrayn fi ritha aljibrin the force of.
She was the mother of two children, asma and abdullah. A, regarded as the best companion of prophet muhammad pbuh. The whole inaugural speech of abu bakr assiddeeq ra fits in a paragraph. Abu bakr albaghdadi assumed the leadership of what was then known as the islamic state of iraq in 2010, succeeding abu umar albaghdadi, who was killed earlier that year. Umar hastily took abu bakrs hand and swore his own allegiance to the latter, an example followed by the gathered men. The alliance of abu bakr and umar with the family of abu sufyan and the umayyads against the family of muhammad and the banu hashim was permanent and unbreakable. The pages which were compiled during the time of caliph abu bakr were known as a mushaf. Abdullah ibn abu bakr embraced islam long ago, he fought with prophet muhammad in his battles and died when abu bakr was caliph. Yet within a short amount of time, he had successfully reorganized, broken away from the mother organization alqaeda, taken control. This word literally means a manuscript that is bound between two covers as a single volume. Introduction to abu bakr and his characteristics sunni world. Abu bakr became the caliph on the 8th of june 632 c. Abu bakr said that if he had such an opportunity, he would not have spared him.
Slide 4 aisha bint abu bakr background aisha bint abu bakr was born in mecca around 607 ce contention regarding her year of birth father abu bakr indeed if i was to take a friend from my nation, i would take abu bakr ibn abbas mother umm rumman whoever wants to. Abu bakr was nearuniversally accepted as head of the muslim community under the title of caliph as a result of saqifah, though he did face contention as a. During your sermon dated 6th of ramadan 1435 ah 4th july 2014 ce, you said. For abu bakr albaghdadi, however, it is the regime in saudi arabia that is the head of the snake, as he has said in a metaphorical revision worthy of note. Abu ruled over the rashidun caliphate from 632 to 634 ce, when he became the first muslim caliph following muhammads death. Ibrahim awwad ali albadri alsamarrai an iraqi national from the albu badri tribe and an alleged descen. Osama bin laden and alqaeda aq believed in the first claim, whereas abu bakr albaghdadi and is seem to consider the second contention to be true.