Iraq had used chemical weapons during the iran iraq war, and again against shia populations that rose up in 1991. Here are some interesting facts about iraqs history, geography, culture, government, people, economy, and wars. The united nations later allowed iraq to sell some. After iraq invaded kuwait in august 1990, the united nations stopped iraq from selling the oil. After 100 hours, president bush brought the ground war to a halt.
Estimates of total casualties range from 000 to twice that number. Iran refused, and the war turned into a bloody stalemate that included the first use of chemical warfare since world war i 1914 18. The iraq war was an armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of iraq by a united statesled coalition that toppled the government of saddam hussein. This isolation had a serious impact on iran s war capabilities as the islamic republic was unable to procure arms and much needed spare parts. In fact, general abousi, the iraqi air force general interviewed, seemed unaware of most naval activities in the gulf despite. The iraniraq war is also noted for iraqs use of chemical weapons and biological weapons against iranian troops and civilians. The iraniraq war was one of the numerous armed conflicts between these historic countries.
Implications of the iraniraq war einternational relations. The first gulf war, better known as the iraq iran war the imposed war, as the iranian authorities came to call it was one of the longest and most atrocious interstate conflicts since the end of world war ii. Educational article for students, schools, and teachers. The causes and effects of the the iraniraq war 910. The iraniraq war was originally referred to as the persian gulf war until the persian gulf war of 1990 and 1991, after which it was known as the first persian gulf war. The iran iraq war was fought for nearly nine years, during which time both countries suffered millions of casualties and billions of dollars in damage. Iraniraq war, 198088, prolonged military conflict between iran and iraq during the 1980s. Past to present an overview of iraqs rich history, from the ancient babylonian and assyrian civilizations, to the 1958 coup and foundation of the republic of iraq, the rise of the baath party, saddam husseins regime, the iraqiran war and the u. Military and strategic perspectives of the iraniraq war. Its borders were drawn by great britain and france after world war i. For webquest or practice, print a copy of this quiz at the iraq war webquest print page.
The 1991 gulf war, or persian gulf war, was a conflict between iraq and 34 other countries, led by the united states. Long term causes short term causes since regaining all lost territory in 1982, iran was on the offensive until 1988 course of war changed radically in spring of 1988, moving nations to ceasefire series of iraqi victories in 1988 compelled iran to accept previously refused. It was sparked by the iranian revolution, led by ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, which overthrew shah pahlavi in 197879. The iraqkuwait conflict, which was known as the second persian gulf war, eventually became known simply as the persian gulf war. This file contains a transcript of a meeting led by saddam hussein on ronald reagans speech regarding us arms sales to iran. Lets explore more about the country that has been under decades of dictatorship, war, and turmoil. Ammar al hakim has led isci since the death of his father, abd.
Iran iraq war caused an enormous ecomomic, military and social problems to both iran and iraq. After additional iraqi advances, iran agreed to a ceasefire in 1988. The role of airpower in the iraniraq war air university. Read cnn s iraq fast facts for a look at the country which borders kuwait, saudi arabia, jordan, syria, turkey, iran and the persian gulf. Relations with iran had grown increasingly strained after the shah was overthrown in 1979.
Iraniraq war simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The battle took place from september 22 to november 10, 1980. The iraq and iran war strained iraqs political, and social life. The iraqi armed forces employed chemical weapons against combatants and noncombatants in border cities and villages and more than 30 attacks against iranian civilians were reported. The role of the united states and soviet union was very important, dating back to the cold war. After 2003, thousands of badr militiamen entered southern iraq from iran to help secure that part of the country. The causes and consequences of the iraq war politics essay. Here are 55 interesting facts about iran that cover its culture, history, economy, people, women, government, food and lots more. Iran s history is that of being one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations.
The iran iraq war created a military imbalance in the persian gulf region because though. Along its banks sits the iranian cities of abadan and khorramshahr and the iraqi port of basra. Pdf the iraniraq war can be seen both as a symptom of. Iraq war facts 22 interesting facts about iraq war. Iraq chemical attacks against iran refers to chemical attacks used by the iraqi armed forces against iranian combatants and noncombatants. Iran is a country that has a very rich history and its people are very devoted to their religion. In the eightyearlong iran iraq war, saddam hussein and ayatollah ruhollah khomeini, who held deeply opposed. Many were subsequently integrated into the iraqi security forces, particularly the army and the national police. War background hoping to take advantage of the chaos of the iranian revolution iraq invaded iran in sept. Another fact that had to be noted was the vulnerability of aircraft on the ground. The lessons of modern war volume ii the iraniraq war chapter.
An official iraqi dossier on the beginnings of the iraniraq war ds70. Soleimani was a popular national figure in iran, considered a hero especially by the conservatives. About 49 countries have participated in some form in what was called the coalition of the willing. First, it was inordinately protracted, lasting longer than either world war, essentially because iran did not want to end it, while iraq could not. In fact, general abousi, the iraqi air force general interviewed, seemed unaware. The conflict continued for much of the next ten years as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the postinvasion iraqi government. This war was commonly known as the persian gulf war until the iraq kuwait conflict 199091, which became known as the second gulf war and later simply the gulf war. Iraq s stated reason for initiating the war was defensive. Open warfare began on september 22, 1980, when iraqi armed forces invaded western iran along the countries joint border, though iraq claimed that the war had begun earlier that month, on september 4, when iran shelled a number of border posts. The prolonged military conflict between the countries of iran and iraq that lasted from 1980 to 1988 is known as the iraniraq war. The euphoria caused by the drawing down of the cold war was dramatically overshadowed by the august 2, 1990, invasion of the small nation of kuwait by iraq. Among the many issues that gave rise to the conflict was control of the shatt alarab waterway, a vital shipping route that links the euphrates and the tigris rivers with the persian gulf.
Iraq war simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The iran iraq war was not only the longest war in the twentieth century, it was the last conventional war in history. In fact, one of the major miscalculations that iraq made in invading iran was to assume that it could win enough local support to rapidly occupy this area and either. From the first days of the war, israel supported iran, despite the fact that ayatollah khomeini pilloried the israeli little satan and called for muslims the world over. Many, if not most of those expelled were in fact iraqi. The iraniraq war or first persian gulf war was a border war between iran and iraq which lasted from september 22, 1980 until august 20, 1988. Conflict dates back centuries to the days of the ottoman turkish empire and the persian empire under the safavids. Iraniraq war 198088, prolonged military conflict between iran and iraq. In 1953, the us encouraged a coup detat against mohammad mosaddegh, who was the prime minister of iran.
These geostrategic facts explain the historical iranian association with the gulf and that of iraq with the fertile crescent. The iran iraq war, which ended in august 1988, one month short of its eighth anniversary, was one of the longest, bloodiest and costliest third world armed conflicts in the twentieth century. The iraqiran war 1980 1988 on 22 september 1980, iraqi troops invaded iran, starting a war that would last for eight years. Initially, several precision bombs were dropped on the bunkers where saddam hussein was believed to be conducting meetings with senior staff. During the midperiod in the iran iraq war, iran was unable to obtain arms from the us, russia, or the major west european powers its former major suppliers. A telling indication of irans influence among the shiite leaders of iraq is the fact that.
Longstanding border disputes and political turmoil in iran prompt iraqi president saddam hussein to launch an invasion of iran s oilproducing province of khuzestan. A window into the military and strategic decision making of the iran iraq war can provide insights into the perspectives and world view of regional decision makers still shaping an unfolding future. The 391,832 reports the iraq war logs, document the war and occupation in iraq, from 1st january 2004 to 31st december 2009 except for the months of may 2004 and march 2009 as told by soldiers in the united states army. At the same time both superpowers accepted iraq as the lesser of two evils and had worked against iran during the war, the u. It is doubtful at the time that anyone realized the one.
Known for its brutality and violent conditions, khorramshahr came to be known by the iranians as khuninshahr persian. The war began when iraq invaded iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and. Kids learn about the iraq war including what led up to the war, weapons of mass destruction, the invasion, shock and awe, occupation, the insurgency, the u. Drawing from an extensive cache of captured iraqi government records, this book is the first comprehensive military and strategic account of the war through the lens of the iraqi regime and its senior military commanders.
In january 2015, hadi alameri, the head of the badr organization in iraq, said of him. At its strongest, the coalition provided a total of 25% of the troops in iraq. Iraniraq war students britannica kids homework help. The first gulf war, better known as the iraqiran war the imposed war, as the iranian authorities came to call it was one of the longest and most atrocious interstate conflicts since the end of world war ii. Iran has emerged as one of the great beneficiaries of the u. The gulf war 19901991, also known as the persian gulf war, was prompted by the invasion of kuwait by iraq as ordered by saddam hussein see the fact file below for more information on the gulf war or alternatively, you can download our 23page gulf war worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. The participants discuss the arms sales and their rationale, the iran iraq war, the israeli role in us policy, the iranian intelligence services, and the state of iraq. Professor karsh addresses the causes of the iran iraq war, unpacking the objectives of the two belligerents and examining how far objectives were matched. Although rich in oil, iraq has been a wartorn country for years. He decided not to destroy iraq s retreating army, believing that a weakened and contained saddam was better than an islamic government in iraq like the one in iran. Iran, with tehran as its capital city, is located in. The united states military listed as missing 190,000 guns in the iraq war, including 110,000 ak47s. The iraq kuwait conflict, which was known as the second persian gulf war, eventually became known simply as the persian gulf war. The iraniraq war 10 facts about the deadliest conflict.
It started with the invasion of kuwait by iraq on august 2, 1990 and ended the following spring when iraq s armies were fought away. Iraq is the worlds number four in petroleum production and the worlds number two in petroleum reserves. In the past, iraq sold much of this oil to other countries. The iran iraq war is also noted for iraq s use of chemical weapons and biological weapons against iranian troops and civilians. Iraq s war effort was openly financed by saudi arabia, kuwait, and other neighbouring arab states and was tacitly supported by the united states and the soviet union, while iran s only. On 20 march 2003, a united statesled international coalition which included britain launched an invasion of iraq. A 2005 study found that men who were made to feel insecure about their manliness would overcompensate and were more likely to buy a big car, support the iraq war and displayed homophobic attitudes. Congress, including both the senate and the house, passed a resolution authorizing the military to invade iraq. The collateral damage to the economies of other nations was also immense. Iran has laws and customs that make it stand apart from other countries of the world. Peace was concluded only when iraq invaded another neighbour, kuwait, in 1990.
Thus, the war in a sense no winner, and both countries suffered from the war. The iran iraq war of 1980 to 1988 was a grinding, bloody, and in the end, completely pointless conflict. Jul 20, 2018 iran s majority centrallyplanned economy depends upon oil and gas exports for between 50 and 70% of its revenue. The iran iraq war lasted for eight years and resulted in no significant transfer of land. During the cold war, it described only nuclear weapons, though became a catchall term for biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons in later years. Iraqi president saddam hussein, who despised the shah, welcomed this change, but his joy turned to alarm when the ayatollah began calling for a shia revolution in iraq to. The important facts about the iraq war amanda mason. The countrys landmarks, historical sites, and geography all combine to make this one of the worlds most unique countries. Open warfare began on september 22, 1980, when iraqi armed forces invaded western iran along the countries joint border. Air force manual 11, functions and basic doctrine of the united states air.
Jul 19, 2015 inside the iraq war iraq war documentary iraq war, usa in iraq, documentary iraq, war, ahtvinc the hornets nest official trailer 2014 war documentary hd inside blackwater. The stated aims were to disarm the country of weapons of mass destruction, end saddam husseins support for. The persian gulf war was one of the most lopsided conflicts in history. The iran iraq war is one of the largest, yet least documented conflicts in the history of the middle east. At 5pm est friday 22nd october 2010 wikileaks released the largest classified military leak in history. The iran iraq war was originally referred to as the persian gulf war until the persian gulf war of 1990 and 1991, after which it was known as the first persian gulf war. Some say they were moved across the border to syria, others say they never existed. The iraniraq war was fought for nearly nine years, during which time both countries suffered millions of casualties and billions of dollars in damage. Persian gulf war, was an armed conflict between the armed forces of iraq and iran. There werent any wmds found in iraq after the invasion. The battle of khorramshahr was a major engagement between iraq and iran in the iraniraq war. Page with a chronological overview of the country file articles published on the chronicle website. Manosevitz in october 1980, the cia briefed then presidential candidate ronald reagan on the impact of the iran iraq war in the middle east.
See the fact file below for more information on the iran or alternatively, you can download our 23page iran worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. The invasion was supported by a coalition of 35 countries with the u. Border issues have since been a source of tension, mainly with kuwait which many iraqis regard as part of iraq and iran especially over the division of a shared waterway, the shatt alarab. The death of over one million people and the destruction of property on both sides proved the only result of the eightyear war. The iran iraq war or first persian gulf war was a border war between iran and iraq which lasted from september 22, 1980 until august 20, 1988.
Iraniraq war causes and effects by rebecca abelson on prezi. The important facts about the iraq war imperial war museums. If qasem soleimani was not present in iraq, haider alabadi would not be able to form his cabinet within iraq. All the questions on this quiz are based on information that can be found on the page at iraq war. The iraq and iran war strained iraq s political, and social life. Iraq, under saddam hussein, and iran, under its islamic fundamentalist regime, had emerged as the two major military powers in. The iran iraq war was one of the numerous armed conflicts between these historic countries.